 |
|
Menu
|
 |
|
|
SPECTRAL FEATURES AND FORMULAS
Foliar Spectral Features
Paul J. Curran, (1989), Remote Sensing of Foliar Chemistry, ‘Remote Sensing of Environment' 30:271-278 (1989)
Wavelength(nm)__Mechanism__Chemical(s)
- 0430_Electron transition_Chlorophyll a
- 0460_Electron transition_Chlorophyll b
- 0640_Electron transition_Chlorophyll b
- 0660_Electron transition_Chlorophyll a
- 0910_C-H stretch, 3rd overtone_Protein
- 0930_C-H stretch, 3rd overtone_Oil
- 0970_O-H bend, 1st overtone_Water, starch
- 0990_O-H stretch, 2nd overtone_Starch
- 1020_N-H stretch_Protein
- 1040_C-H stretch, C-H deformation_Oil
- 1120_C-H stretch, 2nd overtone_Lignin
- 1200_O-H bend, 1st overtone_Water, cellulose, starch, lignin
- 1400_O-H bend, 1st overtone_Water
- 1420_C-H stretch, C-H deformation_Lignin
- 1450_O-H stretch, 1st overtone,C-H stretch, C-H deformation_Starch, sugar, lignin, water
- 1490_O-H stretch, 1st overtone_Cellulose, sugar
- 1510_N-H stretch, 1st overtone_Protein, nitrogen
- 1530_O-H stretch, 1st overtone_Starch
- 1540_O-H stretch, 1st overtone_Starch, cellulose
- 1580_O-H stretch, 1st overtone_Starch, sugar
- 1690_C-H stretch, 1st overtone_Lignin, starch, protein, nitogen
- 1780_C-H stretch, 1st overtone/O-H stretch/H-O-H deformation_Cellulose, sugar, starch
- 1820_O-H stretch/C-O stretch, 2nd overtone_Cellulose
- 1900_O-H stretch, C-O stretch_Starch
- 1940_O-H stretch, O-H deformation_Water, lignin, protein, nitrogen, starch, cellulose
- 1960_O-H stretch/O-H bend_Sugar, starch
- 1980_N-H asymmetry_Protein
- 2000_O-H deformation, C-O deformation_Starch
- 2060_N=H bend, 2nd overtone/N=H bend/N-H stretch_Protein, Nitrogen
- 2080_O-H stretch/O-H deformation_Sugar, starch
- 2100_O=H bend/C-O stretch/C-O-C stretch, 3rd overtone_Starch, cellulose
- 2130_N-H stretch, Protein
- 2180_N-H bend, 2nd overtone/C-H stretch/C-O stretch/C=O stretch/ C-N stretch_Protein, nitrogen
- 2240_C-H stretch, Protein
- 2250_O-H stretch, O-H deformation_Starch
- 2270_C-H stretch/O-H stretch, CH2 bend/CH2 stretch_Cellulose, sugar, starch
- 2280_C-H stretch/CH2 deformation_Starch, cellulose
- 2300_N-H stretch, C=O stretch, C-H bend, 2nd overtone_Protein, nitrogen
- 2310_C-H bend, 2nd overtone_Oil
- 2320_C-H stretch/CH2 deformation_Starch
- 2340_C-H stretch/O-H deformation/C-H deformation/O-H stretch_Cellulose
- 2350_CH2 bend, 2nd overtone, C-H deformation, 2nd overtone_Cellulose, protein, nitrogen
Near infrared absorption of cellulose
(CU, Boulder, CSES Course on Hyperspectral Data Analysis, 1997, page 87)
Wavelength(nm)__Mechanism
- 1480_OH stretching overtone: cellulose and adsorbed water
- 1930_Adsorbed water
- 2100_OH and CH deformation modes+OH stretching
- 2280_CO stretching+OH stretching CH2 bending+CH2 stretching
- 2340_OH and CH deformation modes + OH stretching
- 2480_CO stretching+CH and CH2 stretching
Vegetation Index Formulas
(Chistopher D. Elvidge and Zhikang Chen, Comparison of Broad-band and Narrow-band Red Versus Near Infrared Vegetation Indices, Desert Research Institute, June 29, 1994)
Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI) = NIR/Red
- Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) = (NIR - red) / (NIR + Red)
- Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) = (1 + L)(NIR - red) / (NIR + red + L)
- Perpendicular Vegetation Index (PVI) = -cos a (red) + sin a (NIR), where a = angle between the soil line and the NIR axis
- Difference Vegetation Index (DVI) = NIR – red
Water Spectral Features
(CU, Boulder, CSES Course on Hyperspectral Data Analysis, 1997, pages 35 & 36)
Water Vapor Absorption Fundamentals:
- n 1 = 3657.05 cm -1 = 2.734 m m symmetric stretch
- n 2 = 1594.75 cm -1 = 6.271 m m bend
- n 3 = 3755.93 cm -1 = 2.662 m m asymmetric stretch
Important Water Vapor Absorptions:
- n 2 + n 3 = 1.865 m m
- n 1 + n 3 = 1.379 m m
- n 1 + n 2 + n 3 = 1.135 m m
- 2 n 1 + n 3 = 0.942 m m
Liquid Water Absorption Fundamentals:
- n 1 = 3219.57 cm -1 = 3.106 m m
- n 2 = 1644.74 cm -1 = 6.08 m m
- n 3 = 3444.71 cm -1 = 2.903 m m
|
